Study material for the TOEIC®, Part 6

This page © 1997 by Nicholas E. Miller

*****************************************************

Part 6: Identifying Grammar Errors

Grammar: Word Form

On the test you may find questions where the wrong form of a word is used. By changing a part of the word, usually the ending, the word can be made to serve as different parts of speech. It is impossible to make a list of all possibilities here.

On this page we will look at a few examples, and then move on to a few rules about how to change the form. By studying these examples you should start to see a trend. This list is not and can not be comprehensive. The following are just a few samples to give you an idea of what to study. Your best tool in this case is your dictionary. Whenever you learn a new word, check the additional forms listed in the entry.


Appear (verb) - become visible

Appearance (noun) - act of appearing


Bold (adjective) - brave and daring

Boldly (adverb) - bravely and daringly

Boldness (noun) - courage and fearlessness


Coagulant (adjective) - related to coagulation

Coagulant (noun) - a substance that causes coagulation

Coagulate (verb) - to form a hardened mass


Do (verb) - to perform or work at

Doable (adjective) - able to do


It is important to understand some of the common transformations. While there are many exceptions to these rules, they do provide a good starting point.

-> Adjectives

atrocity

atrocious

The atrocities committed by Adolph Hitler are similar to the atrocious behavior of abortionists today.

Other common endings include: -able, -al, -ant, -ate, -al, -ed, -en, -ent, -ern, -ful, -ible, -ile, -ive, -ing, -ish, -ite, -ive, -less, -ly, -ous, -uous, and -y.


-> Adverbs

While there are some other possible endings for converting adverbs, they are not common. And, while some writers argue against the use of the old rule of thumb - that of changing adjectives to adverbs by the addition of -ly, it is still a fairly accurate rule.

atrocious

atrociously

Atrocious abortionists atrociously murder unborn babies.


-> Nouns

Abstract nouns are often made from adjectives, verbs and even other, concrete nouns.

intelligent

intelligence

Mensans take an intelligence test to ascertain if they are intelligent.


-> Verbs

Some verbs are the exact same form as other nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions.

wax

wax

We will wax the car with a no-name wax.


In other cases, adjectives may be turned into verbs by the addition of -en.

sharp

sharpen

He kept sharpening the knife until it was the sharpest knife around.


C/D





See notes for information on navigating, links, copyright (my own as well as any possible inadvertant infringement on my part) and photo usage, etc.

TOEIC is the registered trademark of Educational Testing Service.